Template:366-367 - Revision history

Ken Conklin at 00:52, 20 December 2005

2005-12-20T00:52:57Z

Jere Krischel at 07:05, 18 December 2005

2005-12-18T07:05:55Z

Jere Krischel at 07:05, 18 December 2005

2005-12-18T07:05:07Z

Jere Krischel at 07:03, 18 December 2005

2005-12-18T07:03:35Z

Jere Krischel at 12:52, 9 December 2005

2005-12-09T12:52:12Z

Jere Krischel at 12:51, 9 December 2005

2005-12-09T12:51:29Z

Jere Krischel at 07:05, 8 December 2005

2005-12-08T07:05:51Z

Jere Krischel at 03:01, 8 December 2005

2005-12-08T03:01:48Z

Jere Krischel at 03:00, 8 December 2005

2005-12-08T03:00:32Z

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foundation for her regal authority and, when she announced that her
oath was annulled in its effect upon her own consCIence, she could no
longer rightfully hold office under that constitution. In such matters
the word of the Queen, once sedately uttered, fixes a .condition that is
irrevocable unless by the consent of those whose condition or rights
would be irijuriously affected by its subsequent withdrawal; as in the
case of a voiuntary abdication in favor of a named successor; or of a
pardon granted to ~person accused or, convicted of crime; 0,1'the signature
to a legislatIve act, or declaratIOn of war. The offiCIal a~t of
the chief executive of a nation is uniformly regarded as creating a condition
or status which can not be altered or revoked at pleasure. Indeed,
in every case, the word of the king that works a change in existing
conditions is the final act of the king. In the crime of treason and
the misprision of treason, tlie word that is spoken by the culprit, though
quickly repented of or recalled, has complet~d the crime and placed
the offender beyond the reach of an mercy except that of the sovereign
power. In this instance the sovereign power to pardon or condone the
Queen's offense resided in the people, and they have so far decided and
have adhered to the decision that her abdication was complet~. The
recantation was two days later than the completed crime and was temporary
and conditional, and, in the meantime, popular sovereignty had
risen to the assertion of its rights, an indignant resentment had aroused
the people, and a large body of citizens claiming to represent them had
inaugurated a government of the people and for the people. Whether
the people op'posing the Queen were strengthened in their purpose to
accept and act upon this abandonment by the Queen of her obligations
to keep her oath to support and obey the constitntion by the presence
of the troops of the United States, or whether the Queen was dismayed
by their presence and was deterred fro'1) supporting her criminal act
by the employment of her household soldiery, did not alter the fact that
she had openly renounced the constitution of 1887 before the troops
were landed or any preparation was made or any order was issued to
land them, and the people were preparing to substitute the monarchy,
which was still existing in the constitution, by a ruler of their own
choice before any troops left the Boston.
Whether the people would permit the restoration of the Queen, or
whether they would constitute a new executive head of the Government
of Hawaii, was a matter then undetermined, and as to that the Gov(\rnment
of the United States had but one concern, and that was that the
interregnum should be ended, the executive head of the Government
should be supplied, and the laws of Hawaii and the treaty rights of
American citizens should have full effect, peacefully, in the protection
of their rights and interests. When the Queen found that her Government
was opposed by a strong body of the people she did not attempt
to reassemble the Legislature, but left the public safety in charge of a
committee of thirteen men, organized by those who were endeavoring
to preserve the peace and to restore the Government to its full constitutional
powers by choosing an executive head. This condition of
things continued from Saturday until the succeeding Tuesday, during -
all of which time the citizens of the United States residing in Honolulu
had no protection oflaw, except such as was guarantied to them by the
presence of the Boston in the bay of Honolulu, or the moral influence
of the American legation and consulate.
When the Kamehameha dynasty ended, the monarchy in Hawaii was
doomed to a necessary dissolution. The five kings of that family,
assisted by their premiers, who were Kanaka women, and by such missionaries
as Judd, Bingham, Ohamberlain, Ooan, Goodrich, and DamOIl
maintained the progress of civilization and prosperity, but when Kala.
kaua was elected king, the most surprising and disgraceful corruptions
infected the Government. Without detailing in this report the constant
decline from bad to worse, which the evidence discloses, without
contradiction or explanation, when Liliuokalani was enthroned the
monarchy was a mere' shell and was in condition to crumble on the
slightest touch of firm Oppos\tion. Under her brief rule, it was kept
alive by the care and forbearing tolerance of the conservative white
people, who owned $50,000,000 of the property in Hawaii, until they
saw that the Qu~en and her party had determined to grasp absolute
power and destroy the constitution and the rights of the white people.
When they were compelled to act in self. defense the monarchy disappeared.
It required nothing but the determined action of what was
called the missionary party to prostrate the monarchy, and that action
had been taken before the troops from the Boston landed.
There was then no executive head of the Government of Hawaii; it
had perished.
In landing the troops from the Boston there was no demonstration of
actual hostilities, and their conduct was as quiet and as respectful as
it had been on many previous occasions when they were landed for the
purpose of drill and practice. In passing the palace on their way to the
point at which they were halted, the Queen appeared upon the balcony
and the troops respectful1y saluted her by presenting arms and dipping
the flag, 'and made no demonstration of any hostile intent. Her attitude
at that time was that of helplessness, because she found no active
or courageous support in her isolated position, which was self-imposed
and was regretted by few of her former subjects. In this condition of
Hawaii the laws for the protection of life and property were, in fact,
suspended so far as the executive power was concerned, and the citizens
of the United States in Honolulu and all the islands, and their
property rights, were virtual1y outlawed. The citizens of Honolulu
were not held amenable to the civil authorities, but were treated by
the Queen, as well as by the people, as if the country was in a state of
war. A policeman was shot down on the streets by a person who was
conducting a wagon loaded with arms to the place of rendezvous where
the people hajl assembled, and no action was taken for the purpose of
arresting or putting on trial the man who did the shooting.
In ro country where there is no power of the law to protect the
citizens of the United States there can be no law of' nations nor any
rule of comity that can rightfully prevent our flag from giving shelter
to them under the protection of our arms, and tb,is without reference
to any distress it may give to the Queen who generated the confusion,
or any advantage it might give to the people who are disputing her
right to resume or to hold her regal powers. In every country where
there is nQ eft'ective chi~: executive authority, whether it is a newlydiscovered
~sland ltaere only savage government prevails, or one
where the government is paralyzed by internal feuds, it is the right,
claimed and exercised by all civilized nations, to enter such a country
with sovereign authority to assert and protect the rights of its citizens
and their property, and to remain there without the invitation of anybody
until civil government shall have been established that is adequate,
in a satisfactory sense, for their protection.
The committetl agree that such was the condition of the Hawaiian
Government at the time that the troops were landed in Honolulu from
the steam warshin Boston; that there was then an interregnum in
Hawaii as respects the executive office; that there was no ex~cutive
power to enforce the laws of Hawaii, and that it was the right of the

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 the misprision of treason, the word that is spoken by the culprit, though
 quickly repented of or recalled, has completed the crime and placed
-the offender beyond the reach of an mercy except that of the sovereign
+the offender beyond the reach of all mercy except that of the sovereign
 power. In this instance the sovereign power to pardon or condone the
 Queen's offense resided in the people, and they have so far decided and

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<!--p366-->foundation for her regal authority and, when she announced that her
+{{p|366}}foundation for her regal authority and, when she announced that her
 oath was annulled in its effect upon her own consCIence, she could no
 longer rightfully hold office under that constitution. In such matters

@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 purpose of drill and practice. In passing the palace on their way to the
 point at which they were halted, the Queen appeared upon the balcony
-and the troops respectful1y saluted her by presenting arms and dipping
+and the troops respectfully saluted her by presenting arms and dipping
 the flag, and made no demonstration of any hostile intent. Her attitude
 at that time was that of helplessness, because she found no active

@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 suspended so far as the executive power was concerned, and the citizens
 of the United States in Honolulu and all the islands, and their
-property rights, were virtual1y outlawed. The citizens of Honolulu
+property rights, were virtually outlawed. The citizens of Honolulu
 were not held amenable to the civil authorities, but were treated by
 the Queen, as well as by the people, as if the country was in a state of

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{p|366}}foundation for her regal authority and, when she announced that her
+{{p|366}}
-oath was annulled in its effect upon her own consCIence, she could no
+foundation for her regal authority and, when she announced that her
 longer rightfully hold office under that constitution. In such matters
-the word of the Queen, once sedately uttered, fixes a .condition that is
+the word of the Queen, once sedately uttered, fixes a condition that is
 irrevocable unless by the consent of those whose condition or rights
-would be irijuriously affected by its subsequent withdrawal; as in the
+would be injuriously affected by its subsequent withdrawal; as in the
-case of a voiuntary abdication in favor of a named successor; or of a
+case of a voluntary abdication in favor of a named successor; or of a
-pardon granted to ~person accused or, convicted of crime; 0,1'the signature
+pardon granted to person accused or, convicted of crime; or the signature
-to a legislatIve act, or declaratIOn of war. The offiCIal a~t of
+to a legislative act, or declaration of war. The official act of
 the chief executive of a nation is uniformly regarded as creating a condition
 or status which can not be altered or revoked at pleasure. Indeed,
 in every case, the word of the king that works a change in existing
 conditions is the final act of the king. In the crime of treason and
-the misprision of treason, tlie word that is spoken by the culprit, though
+the misprision of treason, the word that is spoken by the culprit, though
-quickly repented of or recalled, has complet~d the crime and placed
+quickly repented of or recalled, has completed the crime and placed
 the offender beyond the reach of an mercy except that of the sovereign
 power. In this instance the sovereign power to pardon or condone the
 Queen's offense resided in the people, and they have so far decided and
-have adhered to the decision that her abdication was complet~. The
+have adhered to the decision that her abdication was complete. The
 recantation was two days later than the completed crime and was temporary
 and conditional, and, in the meantime, popular sovereignty had
@@ Line 23: / Line 24: @@
 the people, and a large body of citizens claiming to represent them had
 inaugurated a government of the people and for the people. Whether
-the people op'posing the Queen were strengthened in their purpose to
+the people opposing the Queen were strengthened in their purpose to
 accept and act upon this abandonment by the Queen of her obligations
-to keep her oath to support and obey the constitntion by the presence
+to keep her oath to support and obey the constitution by the presence
 of the troops of the United States, or whether the Queen was dismayed
-by their presence and was deterred fro'1) supporting her criminal act
+by their presence and was deterred from supporting her criminal act
 by the employment of her household soldiery, did not alter the fact that
 she had openly renounced the constitution of 1887 before the troops
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 land them, and the people were preparing to substitute the monarchy,
 which was still existing in the constitution, by a ruler of their own
-choice before any troops left the Boston.
+choice before any troops left the ''Boston''.
 Whether the people would permit the restoration of the Queen, or
 whether they would constitute a new executive head of the Government
-of Hawaii, was a matter then undetermined, and as to that the Gov(\rnment
+of Hawaii, was a matter then undetermined, and as to that the Government
 of the United States had but one concern, and that was that the
 interregnum should be ended, the executive head of the Government
@@ Line 48: / Line 49: @@
 to preserve the peace and to restore the Government to its full constitutional
 powers by choosing an executive head. This condition of
-things continued from Saturday until the succeeding Tuesday, during -
+things continued from Saturday until the succeeding Tuesday, during
 all of which time the citizens of the United States residing in Honolulu
-had no protection oflaw, except such as was guarantied to them by the
+had no protection of law, except such as was guarantied to them by the
-presence of the Boston in the bay of Honolulu, or the moral influence
+presence of the ''Boston'' in the bay of Honolulu, or the moral influence
 of the American legation and consulate.
@@ Line 57: / Line 58: @@
 doomed to a necessary dissolution. The five kings of that family,
 assisted by their premiers, who were Kanaka women, and by such missionaries
-as Judd, Bingham, Ohamberlain, Ooan, Goodrich, and DamOIl
+as Judd, Bingham, Chamberlain, Coan, Goodrich, and Damon
-{{p|367}}maintained the progress of civilization and prosperity, but when Kala.
+{{p|367}}
-kaua was elected king, the most surprising and disgraceful corruptions
+maintained the progress of civilization and prosperity, but when Kalakaua was elected king, the most surprising and disgraceful corruptions
 infected the Government. Without detailing in this report the constant
 decline from bad to worse, which the evidence discloses, without
 contradiction or explanation, when Liliuokalani was enthroned the
-monarchy was a mere' shell and was in condition to crumble on the
+monarchy was a mere shell and was in condition to crumble on the
-slightest touch of firm Oppos\tion. Under her brief rule, it was kept
+slightest touch of firm opposition. Under her brief rule, it was kept
 alive by the care and forbearing tolerance of the conservative white
 people, who owned $50,000,000 of the property in Hawaii, until they
-saw that the Qu~en and her party had determined to grasp absolute
+saw that the Queen and her party had determined to grasp absolute
 power and destroy the constitution and the rights of the white people.
-When they were compelled to act in self. defense the monarchy disappeared.
+When they were compelled to act in self-defense the monarchy disappeared.
 It required nothing but the determined action of what was
 called the missionary party to prostrate the monarchy, and that action
@@ Line 83: / Line 84: @@
 point at which they were halted, the Queen appeared upon the balcony
 and the troops respectful1y saluted her by presenting arms and dipping
-the flag, 'and made no demonstration of any hostile intent. Her attitude
+the flag, and made no demonstration of any hostile intent. Her attitude
 at that time was that of helplessness, because she found no active
 or courageous support in her isolated position, which was self-imposed
@@ Line 95: / Line 96: @@
 war. A policeman was shot down on the streets by a person who was
 conducting a wagon loaded with arms to the place of rendezvous where
-the people hajl assembled, and no action was taken for the purpose of
+the people had assembled, and no action was taken for the purpose of
 arresting or putting on trial the man who did the shooting.
-In ro country where there is no power of the law to protect the
+In a country where there is no power of the law to protect the
-citizens of the United States there can be no law of' nations nor any
+citizens of the United States there can be no law of nations nor any
 rule of comity that can rightfully prevent our flag from giving shelter
-to them under the protection of our arms, and tb,is without reference
+to them under the protection of our arms, and this without reference
 to any distress it may give to the Queen who generated the confusion,
 or any advantage it might give to the people who are disputing her
 right to resume or to hold her regal powers. In every country where
-there is nQ eft'ective chi~: executive authority, whether it is a newlydiscovered
+there is no effective chief executive authority, whether it is a newly-discovered
-~sland ltaere only savage government prevails, or one
+island where only savage government prevails, or one
 where the government is paralyzed by internal feuds, it is the right,
 claimed and exercised by all civilized nations, to enter such a country
@@ Line 114: / Line 115: @@
 in a satisfactory sense, for their protection.
-The committetl agree that such was the condition of the Hawaiian
+The committee agree that such was the condition of the Hawaiian
 Government at the time that the troops were landed in Honolulu from
-the steam warshin Boston; that there was then an interregnum in
+the steam warship ''Boston''; that there was then an interregnum in
-Hawaii as respects the executive office; that there was no ex~cutive
+Hawaii as respects the executive office; that there was no executive
 power to enforce the laws of Hawaii, and that it was the right of the