Template:412-413 - Revision history

Jere Krischel at 23:04, 18 December 2005

2005-12-18T23:04:49Z

Jere Krischel at 23:04, 18 December 2005

2005-12-18T23:04:26Z

Ken Conklin at 05:43, 17 December 2005

2005-12-17T05:43:00Z

Ken Conklin at 04:07, 17 December 2005

2005-12-17T04:07:38Z

Jere Krischel at 04:24, 9 December 2005

2005-12-09T04:24:29Z

New page

SOIL.
u Only a small proportion of the area of the islands is capable of sus
taining a dense population. The most habitable tracts are near the
seacoast, and only a part or even a small part of these are really fertile.
"The interior portions are mountainous and craggy, with a thin soil,
admirable in a few localities for pasturage, but unlit for agriculture.
"Many parts of the shore belt are arid and almost barren. Others
are covered with lavas too recent to have permitted the formation of
soil, and still others are trenched with ravines so deep and abrupt that
access is difficult.
" Deep rich soils at altitudes adapted to the growth of the sugar cane
probably form less than the fortieth part of the entire area.
"Shallower soils, however, are a little more extensive and yield other
crops of tropical staples in abundance."
CLIMATE.
The climate of the Hawaiian Islands is warm but salubrious, the temperature
equable, and the sky usually clear. In the shade it is never
hot and seldom chilly, and there is so little humidity in the air that it
is rarely sweltering, though during the months of January, February,
and March the wind blows strongly from the southwest, and the atmosphere
is damp and unpleasant. After such seasons the arid westerly
slopes are clothed with verdure and the capacity of the pastures vastly
increased.
"Upon the islands themselves it may be said that there are almost as
many climates as there are square leagues, and the differences of climatic
conditions exhibited by localities separated only half a dozen
miles are extreme.
"As a general rule the windward sides are excessively rainy, the precipitation
frequently exceeding 200 inches in a year. The leeward sides
are generally arid, but to this there are some striking exceptions ; whenever
the land barrier is low enough to permit the trade winds to blow
overit the lee of the barrier is invariably dry and sometimes is as parched
and barren as the sage plains of the Eocky Mountains; the winds throw
down their moisture coxiiously as they rise to the dividing crest and
descend hot and dry ; but when the barrier is lofty enough to effectually
oppose the drift of the air, the lee becomes subject to the simple alternation
of daily land and sea breeze. As the sea breeze comes in and
ascends the slope it sends down rain ; as the land breeze floats down
ward and outward it is dry and clear.
"The sea breeze sets in a little before noon and the land breeze goes
out a little before midnight.
"Relatively to human comfort, the climate is perfection. It is never
hot, and at moderate altitudes it is never cold. The heat of summer
is never sufficient to bring lassitude, and labor out of doors is far more
tolerable than in the summer of New England or Minnesota."
When the mountains are low, as in Oahu, the rains extend over them
and maintain copious streams for irrigation of the leeward lands where
little rain falls. Very much more rain falls on the windward northeast
sides of the large islands. At Hilo in Hawaii as much as 20 feet
has been measured in one year. At Honolulu the mean annual rainfall
for five years ending 1877 varied from 32-30 to 46*40 inches, giving
an average of 38 inches.

Hurricanes and typhoons are said to be infrequent. There is, however,
at Kawaihae, in the island of Hawaii, a wind called the mumuka
which rushes violently down between the mountains, and is dangerous
to shipping. When hurricanes occur on the island of Maui, great
damage to the sugar crop ensues.
The temperature varies from 55° in winter to 70° in summer for the
early mornings, and attains an average maximum of 75° in the winter
and 85° in the summer for afternoon heats.
There is no rapid, sudden change; cold or hot waves are unknown.
During the heat of the day the sun-heated lava and rocks create a
strong draft, loaded with vapor from the ocean; this vapor, at 2,000
feet elevation, forms a continuous cloud bank, covering the mountains.
Hail sometimes falls in the vicinity of Hawaii.
Table from Pacific Coasi Commercial Record showiny temperature! in Honolulu:
Maximum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu 89c
Minimum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu 54°
Maximum daily range of the year 22°
Average weekly maximum from July 1, to Octobor 1 86°
Table from " Vistas of Hawaii" showing temperature for 1890;
Date.
January 7...
February 4..
March 4
April 1
May 6 •
Juue3
J n l y l •
August 5-- -
September 2
October 7...
November 4
December 2
6 a. in. 1 p.m. 9 p. m.
71
70
74
75
75
75
76
72
72
From the above it is evident that the climate of the Hawaiian
Islands is in general that of a mild summer. The hottest months are
July and August, when the thermometer sometimes rises to 90°, but
this is considered unusual. Frost is unknown; rains are warm; and
the days and nights are of so nearly the same temperature that little
daily change of clothing is necessary.
EARTHQUAKES.
Earthquakes are of common occurrence in the islands, but they
usually have their center of disturbance in Hawaii. In the islands to
the northwestward the shocks are infrequent and feeble. The shocks
are seldom of a very alarming or destructive character, but small or
moderate tremors are frequent.
POPULATION.
The total population of the Hawaiian Islands in 1890* was 89,990, of
which 58,714 are males, 31,276 females.
* Statesman's Year Book, 1893.

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 <small> ''Table from " Vistas of Hawaii" showing temperature for 1890;'' </small>
 {|width="75%" style="font-size:smaller"
-!Date||6 a.m.||1 p.m.||9 p.m.
+|Date||6 a.m.||1 p.m.||9 p.m.
 |-
 | ||°||°||°

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{p|412}}
+===SOIL.===
 Only a small proportion of the area of the islands is capable of sustaining a dense population. The most habitable tracts are near the seacoast, and only a part or even a small part of these are really fertile.
@@ Line 16: / Line 14: @@
 "Shallower soils, however, are a little more extensive and yield other crops of tropical staples in abundance."
-CLIMATE.
+===CLIMATE.===
 The climate of the Hawaiian Islands is warm but salubrious, the temperature equable, and the sky usually clear. In the shade it is never hot and seldom chilly, and there is so little humidity in the air that it is rarely sweltering, though during the months of January, February, and March the wind blows strongly from the southwest, and the atmosphere is damp and unpleasant. After such seasons the arid westerly slopes are clothed with verdure and the capacity of the pastures vastly increased.
@@ Line 31: / Line 28: @@
 {{p|413}}
 Hurricanes and typhoons are said to be infrequent. There is, however, at Kawaihae, in the island of Hawaii, a wind called the ''mumuka'' which rushes violently down between the mountains, and is dangerous to shipping. When hurricanes occur on the island of Maui, great damage to the sugar crop ensues.
@@ Line 42: / Line 38: @@
 Hail sometimes falls in the vicinity of Hawaii.
-<small> ''Table from Pacific Coast Commercial Record showing temperatures in Honolulu: '' </small> <br>
+<small> ''Table from Pacific Coast Commercial Record showing temperatures in Honolulu: '' </small>
+{|width="75%" style="font-size:smaller"
-**** Jere to fix what's below here ****
+|Maximum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu||89°
+|-
-Maximum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu 89c Minimum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu 54° Maximum daily range of the year 22° Average weekly maximum from July 1, to October 1 86°
+|Minimum temperature for 1891 in Honolulu||54°
+|-
-<small> ''Table from " Vistas of Hawaii" showing temperature for 1890;'' </small> <br>
+|Maximum daily range of the year||22°
+|-
-Date. January 7... February 4.. March 4 April 1 May 6 • Juue3 J n l y l • August 5-- - September 2 October 7... November 4 December 2 6 a. in. 1 p.m. 9 p. m. 71 70 74 75 75 75 76 72 72
+|Average weekly maximum from July 1, to October 1||86°
+|}
 From the above it is evident that the climate of the Hawaiian Islands is in general that of a mild summer. The hottest months are July and August, when the thermometer sometimes rises to 90°, but this is considered unusual. Frost is unknown; rains are warm; and the days and nights are of so nearly the same temperature that little daily change of clothing is necessary.
-EARTHQUAKES.
+===EARTHQUAKES.===
 Earthquakes are of common occurrence in the islands, but they usually have their center of disturbance in Hawaii. In the islands to the northwestward the shocks are infrequent and feeble. The shocks are seldom of a very alarming or destructive character, but small or moderate tremors are frequent.
-POPULATION.
+===POPULATION.===
 The total population of the Hawaiian Islands in 1890* was 89,990, of which 58,714 are males, 31,276 females.
-''----''
+{{break}}
+{{*}}Statesman's Year Book, 1893.

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−	* Statesman's Year Book, 1893.	+	''*'' Statesman's Year Book, 1893.