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546 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Mr. EMERSON. Yes. The barracks were a block and a half j,way. The CHAIRMAN. How many were in that army? Mr. EMERSON. She was granted payment for only 60 or 70. The CHAIRMAN. In addition to that was there a police force? Mr. EMERSON. There was a police force. I do not know how large, but I have heard say there were 80 in the station house. The CHAIRMAN. Were both of these forces, the civil and military forces, under the command of the same person? Mr. EMERSON. NO. The CHAIRMAN. Under the command of different persons ? Mr. EMERSON. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. Who commanded the military force? Mr. EMERSON. Capt. Nowlein. I am not sure about that. The CHAIRMAN. Who commanded the civil force, the police force? Mr. EMERSON. AS I understand, Mr. Wilson, the marshal, was at the head of the police. The CHAIRMAN. Did they occupy the same quarters or different? Mr. EMERSON. They were nearly a mile apart. The CHAIRMAN. You saw nothing of the police force as a body or the military force as a body at either of these meetings? Mr. EMERSON. No. The CHAIRMAN. Did you see them on the street that evening in military array? Mr. EMERSON. NO. There was a remarkable The CHAIRMAN. There was then no exhibition of military force, nor exhibition of police force? Senator GRAT. Let Mr. Emerson finish his sentence. Mr. EMERSON. There was a great hush about the streets. Senator GRAY. You were going to say remarkable. Mr. EMERSON. There was an unusual aspect in the condition of things. Senator GRAY. YOU were going to say remarkably quiet? Mr. EMERSON. There was a particularly peculiar hush; yes. The CHAIRMAN. During that afternoon or evening you saw no military or police force in bodies under their appropriate officer? Mr. EMERSON. No. The CHAIRMAN. NO display of that kind? Mr. EMERSON. NO. The CHAIRMAN. After the troops came in from the ship—the marines came in from the Boston, where did they go ? Mr. EMERSON. This, of course, I got from reports. The CHAIRMAN. You need not speak of anything but what you yourself know. Mr. EMERSON. I know this much—that company went up to Mr. Atherton's house. One went to the consul's; I saw them there. One went to the minister's residence. ' Senator GRAY. Did they stay there ? Mr. EMERSON. Some twenty-five or so stayed with the consul. Senator GRAY. All night? Mr. EMERSON. Yes. And another company, as I understand it, stayed at the minister's residence. I saw tents pitched there for them. Senator GRAY. Did you see men in them? Mr. EMERSON. Yes. And at Mr. Atherton's there was no place for them to stay; there being no place, they were removed. Senator GRAY. That evening? Mr. EMERSON. That evening; yea. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 547 Senator SHERMAN. Who is Mr. Atherton. Mr. EMERSON. He is one of our leading financiers, a wealthy man. Senator SHERMAN. He is not an officer of the Government? Mr. EMERSON. NO. The CHAIRMAN. A gentleman from Hawaii, Mr. Carter, sent me a blue print of the city of Honolulu, at least parts of it. I want you to look over that and see if the locations of the different houses correspond with your knowledge of the facts (exhibiting diagram). Mr EMERSON (examining). This is about the same as the diagram that I made out for myself; a smaller one. The CHAIRMAN. Are you prepared to say whether that is a correct drawing of the place? Mr. EMERSON [indicating on the diagram]. There is Mr. Atherton's house. There is the skating rink. Thatis the place where the mass meeting was held. There are the barracks around the corner. This was all open there,the Queen's military barracks. This is the palace, where the Queen was, the Government building, and that is the opera house, and this Arion Hall. Senator GRAY. In this Government house beside are the chambers of the Government officers? Mr. EMERSON. In fact, the treasury. All the archives are there. Senator SHERMAN. Where did our soldiers stand—there [indicating] or here [indicating]. Mr. EMERSON. NO; here [indicating]. The United States marines— I did not see them stand in arms, as stated. I remember going there. I saw no marines, no guns trained on the palace. Senator SHERMAN. Behind that building? [Indicating.] Mr. EMERSON. Yes; here [indicating] is the yard where they had the tent. Senator SHERMAN. That is the opera house? [Indicating.] Mr. EMERSON. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. Where did those marines land? Mr. EMERSON. AS I understand, they landed down on the wharf, about there [indicating]. Senator GRAY. Not by the custom-house? Mr. EMERSON. No; they landed down here [indicating]. Senator SHERMAN. King street seems to be the leading street? Mr. EMERSON. Yes. Merchant street—I think they usually landed about there; it may be they landed there [indicating]. Senator SHERMAN. On what street did they go toward the palace? Mr. EMERSON. I did not see them go up. But here [indicating] is the consulate. Probably they would go right up this street here [indicating] and up there [indicating]; or a squad might go up Nuuanu street to the legation; another squad to the consulate; another squad up Merchant street to Mr. Atherton's, and then back again to Arion Hall. There [indicating] is the police station, within a block, just across the street, where Mr. Smith's committee of safety met—right under the nose of the police station. The CHAIRMAN. Show me the building on which the flag of the United States was raised. Mr. EMERSON. Iolani Palace. The CHAIRMAN. When was it first raised ? Mr. EMERSON. I think it was about two weeks after the landing of the marines that I saw it. The CHAIRMAN. TWO weeks after the landing of the marines? Mr. EMERSON. Yen. The CHAIRMAN. Before the nag was raised at all?