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Latest official census of the Hawaiian Islands.

[Taken December 28, 1890.]

BY DISTRICTS AND ISLANDS.

Hawaii: Hilo 9,935 Puna 834 Kau 2,577 North Kona 1,753 South Kona 1,812 North Kohala 4,303 South Kohala 538 Hamakua 5,002 26,754 Maui: Lahaina 2,113 Wailuku 6,708 Hana 3,270 Makawoo 5,266 17,357 Molokai 2,632

Lanai 174 Oahu: Honolulu 22,907 Ewa 2,155 Waianae 903 Waialua 1,286 Koolauloa 1,444 Koolaupoko 2,499 31,194 Kauai: Waimea 2,523 Niihau 216 Koloa 1,755 Kawaihau 2,101 Hanalei 2,472 Lihue 2,792 11,859

BY NATIONALITY—1890 AND 1884 COMPARED.

1890. 1884. Natives 34,436 40,014 Half-castes 6,186 4,218 Chinese 15,301 17,937 Americans 1,928 2,066 Hawaiian-born, foreign parents 7,495 2,040 Japanese 12,360 116

1890. 1884. Norwegian 227 392 Britons 1,344 1,282 Portuguese 8,602 9,377 Germans 1,034 1,600 French 70 192 Other foreigners 419 416 Polynesian 588 956

Total population 1890	89,990
Total population 1884	80,578

Population by nationality and sex of the Hawaiian Islands, and also of the principal township districts.

[Compiled from the latest census, 1890.]

Nationalities.	Honolulu, Oahu	Wailuku, Maui.	Lahaina, Maui.	Hilo, Hawaii.	Lihue, Kauai	Population whole islands.
Natives, males	4,494	1,260	687	1,076	411	18,364
females	4,068	1,178	599	900	310	16,072
Half-castes, males	1,257	267	199	175	49	3,085
females	1,346	248	101	189	61	3,101
Chinese, males	3,950	1,202	89	1,264	347	14,552
females	457	33	5	19	9	779
Hawaiian-born, foreign parents, males	1,250	254	41	537	203	3,909
females	1,236	215	39	513	177	3,586
Americans, males	767	65	15	90	11	1,298
females	431	23	11	27	7	630
British, males	529	53	7	68	8	982
females	267	5	4	16	2	362
Germans, males	261	29	7	27	163	729
females	105	5	.....	7	108	305
French, males	25	7	.....	4	.....	46
females	23	.....	.....	.....	.....	24
Portuguese, males	933	402	29	869	237	4,770
females	799	326	24	686	195	3,832
Japanese, males	277	842	249	2,703	363	10,079
females	111	183	40	708	60	2,281
Norwegians, males	55	31	.....	.....	6	155
females	21	11	.....	.....	6	72
Polynesians, males	49	22	33	22	23	404
females	23	14	15	8	17	184
All others, males	151	36	7	27	16	371
females	22	32	2	.....	3	48
Total	22,907	6,708	2,113	9,935	2,792	89,990

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CHARACTERISTICS, RELIGION, EDUCATION

The natives are a good-tempered, light-hearted, pleasure-loving people. It is probable that little difficulty is found in governing them as, of themselves, they are not inclined to turbulence nor disposed to revolt against any form of government. Like children, they are easily led and controlled. Even when the Hawaiian Islands were discovered, the people were by no means savages, but had an organized state of society. After discovery, civilization made progress as rapidly, it is said, with these people as with the Japanese; and in twenty-five years after the landing of the missionaries (1820), the whole people had, in a great measure become Americanized. But today, except politically as the one-time owners of the islands, the natives are but an unimportant element of the people and their consent or opposition could have but little influence upon the course of events. They are a peace-loving race, and, in a military sense, are not worth consideration, but they are brave individually and make, it is said, excellent seamen. Little resistance could be anticipated from them even in defense of their country.

RELIGION.

All forms of religion are tolerated. According to the latest statistics there are:

Protestants	29,685
Roman Catholics	20,072
Mormons	3,576
Hebrews, less than	100

EDUCATION.

Education is general.

There are 178 schools, with 10,000 pupils, of whom 5,559 are natives and 1,573 half-castes. In 1890-'92 $326,922 was allotted for public instruction. (Sum allotted for public instruction, 1892-'94, $210,000. Statesman's Year Book, 1893.)

LAWS

The laws are modeled on those of the United States. There is a supreme court of justice, and, in addition, circuit judges and justices of the peace.

MILITARY FORCES AND POLICE.

The military forces authorized by law consist of the household guards, fixed at 65 men. It is reported that all but 16 of these men have been discharged, that number being retained as a guard for the deposed queen (February, 1893). Volunteer military organizations are prohibited by law. There is also an organized police force.

LANGUAGE.

The language is very largely made up of vowels, giving to the spoken tongue a pleasant liquid sound somewhat difficult to acquire. The consonants all have the English sound, the vowels that of the German