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Latest official census of the Hawaiian Islands.

[Taken December 28, 1890.]

BY DISTRICTS AND ISLANDS.

• • • • Jere fix what's below here. Note that in Maui, Makawoo is a misspelling found in the original, so I left it alone. But Wailuku (and Oahu and Kona and Koolauloa and Lihue) was correctly spelled in the original but misspelled by the OCR, so I fixed the spelling to what was in the original. You might want to make a note in the editorial guidelines (which we should eventually publish) that original misspellings have been preserved. ****

Hawaii: Hilo 9,935 Pima 834 Kau 2,577 North Kona 1,753 South Kona 1,812 North Kohala 4,303 South Kohala 538 Hamakua 5, 002 26,754 Maui: Lahaina 2,113 Wailuku 6, 708 Hana 3,270 Makawoo 5,2G6 Molokai. 17,357 . 2,632 Lanai ...... 174• Oahu: Honolulu 22,907 Ewa 2,155 Waianae 903 Waialua 1,286 Koolauloa 1, 444 Koolaupoko 2,499 31,194 Kauai: Waimea 2,523 Niihau 216 Koloa 1,755 Kawaihau 2,101 Hanalei 2,472 Lihue 2,792 11,859

BY NATIONALITY—1890 AND 1884 COMPARED.

Natives Half-castes Chinese Americans Hawaiian-born, foreign parents • J a p a n e se 1890. 34, 436 6,186 15, 301 1,928 7,495 12, 360 1884. 40, 014 4,218 17, 937 2,066 2,040 116 Norwegian Britons Portuguese Germans French Other foreigners Polynesian 1890. 227 1,344 8,002 1,034 70 419 588 1884. 392 1,282 9,377 1, 600 192 416 966 Total population 1890 . Total population 1884 . 89,990 80,578

Population by nationality and sex of the Hawaiian Islands, and also of the principal township districts.

[Compiled from the latest census, 1890.]

Nationalities. Honolulu, Oahu. Natives, males females Half-castes, males females Chinese, males females Hawaiian-born, foreign paronts, males .. females Americans, males females British, males females Germans, males females French, males females Portuguese, males females Japanese, males females Norwegians, males females Polynesians, males females All others, males females Total 4,494 4,068 1,257 1,346 3, 950 457 1,250 1,236 767 431 529 267 261 105 25 23 933 799 277 111 55 21 49 23 151 22 22,907 Wailuku, Maui. 1,260 1,178 267 248 1,202 33 254 215 65 23 53 • 5 29 402 326 842 183 31 11 22 14 36 32 6,708 Lahaina, Maui. 687 599 199 101 89 5 41 39 15 11 7 4 7 29 24 249 40 Hilo, Hawaii. 1,076 900 175 189 1,264 19 537 513 90 27 68 16 27 7 4 Lihue, Kauai. 411 310 49 61 347 9 203 177 11 7 8 2 163 108 686 2,703 708 9 935 237 195 363 60 Population whole islands. 18, 304 16, 072 3, 0K5 3, 101 14, 552 779 3, 909 3, 580 1,298 630 982 362 729 305 46 24 4,770 3,832 10, 079 2,281 155 72 404 184 871 48

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CHARACTERISTICS, RELIGION, EDUCATION.

The natives are a good-tempered, light-hearted, pleasure-loving people. It is probable that little difficulty is found in governing them as, of themselves, they are not inclined to turbulence nor disposed to revolt against any form of government. Like children, they are easily led and controlled. Even when the Hawaiian Islands were discovered, the people were by no means savages, but had an organized state of society. After discovery, civilization made progress as rapidly, it is said, with these people as with the Japanese; and in twenty-five years after the landing of the missionaries (1820), the whole people had, in a great measure become Americanized. But today, except politically as the one-time owners of the islands, the natives are but an unimportant element of the people and their consent or opposition could have but little influence upon the course of events. They are a peace-loving race, and, in a military sense, are not worth consideration, but they are brave individually and make, it is said, excellent seamen. Little resistance could be anticipated from them even in defense of their country.

RELIGION.

All forms of religion are tolerated. According to the latest statistics there are:

• • • • Jere, fix the table below ****

Protestants 29,685 Roman Catholics 20,072 Mormons 3,576 Hebrews, less than 100

• • • • Jere, fix the table above ****

EDUCATION.

Education is general.
There are 178 schools, with 10,000 pupils, of whom 5,559 are natives and 1,573 half-castes. In 1890-'92 $326,922 was allotted for public instruction. (Sum allotted for public instruction, 1892-'94, $210,000. Statesman's Year Book, 1893.)

LAWS

The laws are modeled on those of the United States. There is a supreme court of justice, and, in addition, circuit judges and justices of the peace.

MILITARY FORCES AND POLICE.

The military forces authorized by law consist of the household guards, fixed at 65 men. It is reported that all but 16 of these men have been discharged, that number being retained as a guard for the deposed queen (February, 1893). Volunteer military organizations are prohibited by law. There is also an organized police force.

LANGUAGE.

The language is very largely made up of vowels, giving to the spoken tongue a pleasant liquid sound somewhat difficult to acquire. The consonants all have the English sound, the vowels that of the German